END OF ROMAN REPUBLIC BEGINNING OF ROMAN EMPIRE ( 27 BC )
Octavian defeats Cleopatra and Marc Antony at the Battle of Actium and takes the title of Augustus ( exalted one ) to become the first Roman empire.
Octavian defeats Cleopatra and Marc Antony at the Battle of Actium and takes the title of Augustus ( exalted one ) to become the first Roman empire.
FIRST ROMAN EMPEROR ( 27 BC - 14 AD )
The first Roman empire was Augustus and he had many accomplishments; two of his most important accomplishments were :
1.) Augustus created a permanent professional army to protected Rome.
2.)Augustus changed Rome's legal system to created a code of laws for people living in the provinces who were not Roman citizens.
The first Roman empire was Augustus and he had many accomplishments; two of his most important accomplishments were :
1.) Augustus created a permanent professional army to protected Rome.
2.)Augustus changed Rome's legal system to created a code of laws for people living in the provinces who were not Roman citizens.
JULIO - CLAUDIAN EMPERORS ( 44/31/27 BC )
The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula (also known as Gaius), Claudius, and Nero. they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century (44/31/27) BC, until AD 68.
YEAR OF THE FOUR EMPERORS ( 69 AD )
1.) Nero -- Nero killed himself in 68 AD with the governor of Spain and at the same time Galba marching on Rome.
2.) Galba -- When Nero dead he made himself emperor, but in January 69 AD the Northern Germany also rebelled, marching on Rome.
3.)Otho -- He was the one of Galba supporters, but when the Northern Germany rebelled he turned on Galba and killed him and let himself do the emperor in Rome.
4.)Vitellius -- He was the man who rebelled when Galba is the emperor in Rome, when Otho do the emperor in Rome he made a fought with him and Otho lost it, then he killed him and become the emperor in Rome.
That's the four emperors in one year!
YEAR OF THE FIVE EMPERORS ( 19 AD )
1.)Pertinax --- He was recalled after three years to Britain, where the Roman army was in a state of mutiny. He tried to quell the unruly soldiers there but one legion mutinied and attacked his bodyguard, leaving Pertinax for dead.
2.)Didius Julianus --- Julianus ascended the throne after buying it from the Praetorian Guard, who had assassinated his predecessor Pertinax. This led to the Roman Civil War of 193–197. Julianus was ousted and sentenced to death by his successor, Septimius.
3.)Pescennius Niger --- He claimed the imperial throne in response to the murder of Pertinax and the elevation of Didius Julianus , but was defeated by a rival claimant, Septimius Severus , and killed while attempting to flee from Antioch.
4.)Clodius Albinus --- He became a senator under the reign of Marcus Aurelius and when governor of Bithynia in AD 175. Didius Julianus succeeded Pertinax.
5.)Septimius Severus --- In 208 he invaded Caledonia (modern Scotland), but his ambitions were cut short when he fell fatally ill in late 210 AD. He dead at early 211 AD.
YEAR OF THE SIX EMPERORS ( 238 AD - 244 AD )
1.)Maximinus Thrax -- He was the first of the so-called barracks emperors of the 3rd century; his rule is often considered to mark the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century. Is Praetorian Guard assassinated him. He died at Aquileia whilst attempting to put down a Senatorial revolt.
2-3.) Gordian 1 & Gordian 2 --- The Senate in Rome appointed them do the co-emperors together when Maximinus Thrax was dead. They lasted 20 days.
4-5.)Pupienus and Balbinus --- They were also co-emperor in rome after Gordian 1 and Gordian 2. They ruled Rome more than 3 months.
on July 29, that the Praetorian Guard decided to intervene. They stormed into the room containing the emperors and killed them both.
6.) Gordian 3--- He was the final emperor in that year. He ruled Rome until 244 A.D.
Diocletian (284 - 305 A.D. )
1.) divided the Roman Empire into two parts : West and East around 284 A.D.
2.) established property and income taxes to pay government services.
3.) established a tetrarchy.
Constantine (306 - 337 A.D.)
1.) Edict to Milan
(Christianity becomes legal)
1.) Edict to Milan
(Christianity becomes legal)
Theodosius (379 - 395A.D.)
1.) Proscribe gladiator
2.) Declare the Christianity is the only legal religion in Roman Empire.
3.) After the Massacre at Thesalonica
FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE ( 476 AD )
The Empire and chain of emperors in Rome continued until the death of Constantine XI and the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453. Last western emperor, Romulus Augustulus, is deposed by the barbarian general Odoacer who then rules Italy.
7 seasons for the Decline of the Roman Empire
1.) non-citizens Roman Army
2.) Christianity becomes intolerant of other religions
3.) to big to defend
4.) to big to govern
5.) Barbarian invasions
6.) taxes to high
7.) the wealthy people do not their fair sheve
1.) non-citizens Roman Army
2.) Christianity becomes intolerant of other religions
3.) to big to defend
4.) to big to govern
5.) Barbarian invasions
6.) taxes to high
7.) the wealthy people do not their fair sheve
Fall of western Rome
In 376 CE, many Groths crossed Danube River. They sought admission to the territory of the Roman Empire, a political institution which, despite having both new and longstanding systematic weaknesses.
By convention, the Western Roman Empire is deemed to have ended on 4 September 476, when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus and proclaimed himself ruler of Italy, but this convention is subject to many qualifications. In Roman constitutional theory, the Empire was still simply united under one emperor, implying no abandonment of territorial claims. In areas where the convulsions of the dying Empire had made organized self-defence legitimate, rump states continued under some form of Roman rule after 476. Julius Nepos still claimed to be Emperor of the West and controlled Dalmatia until his murder in 480.
In 376 CE, many Groths crossed Danube River. They sought admission to the territory of the Roman Empire, a political institution which, despite having both new and longstanding systematic weaknesses.
By convention, the Western Roman Empire is deemed to have ended on 4 September 476, when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus and proclaimed himself ruler of Italy, but this convention is subject to many qualifications. In Roman constitutional theory, the Empire was still simply united under one emperor, implying no abandonment of territorial claims. In areas where the convulsions of the dying Empire had made organized self-defence legitimate, rump states continued under some form of Roman rule after 476. Julius Nepos still claimed to be Emperor of the West and controlled Dalmatia until his murder in 480.